Introduction: Pyrrole is a five-membered heterocyclic compound containing one nitrogen atom. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature, naturally occurring in coal tar and bone oil. It rapidly darkens in air and has a distinctly pungent odor. Its relative density is 0.9691, boiling point is 130–131℃, and freezing point is -24℃. It is almost insoluble in water and dilute alkaline solutions, but soluble in ethanol, ether, benzene, and inorganic acid solutions. It is very stable to alkalis, but readily polymerizes into a dark red trimer resin in the presence of small amounts of inorganic acids. It also resinifies when exposed to light or air during storage. Pyrrole vapor turns red when it comes into contact with pine flakes dipped in hydrochloric acid; this is called the pine flakes reaction (pinesplint test) and can be used to identify pyrrole.

Applications: Pyrrole derivatives are widely used as raw materials in organic synthesis, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, fragrances, rubber vulcanization accelerators, and epoxy resin curing agents. In the pharmaceutical industry, it can be used to synthesize iroxacin, pyrrolidic acid, pyrovalerone, pyrrocaine, and thiamethoxam (TMT). Furthermore, it is used as a standard substance for chromatographic analysis to test for gold selenite and silica, and to determine chromates, gold, iodates, mercury, selenite, silicon, and vanadium.

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